Cardiovascular system
Multiple Choice Questions
1. All of the following agents are high ceiling diuretics except:
a. Furosemide
b. Amiloride
c. Torsemide
d. Ethacrynic acid
2. Which of the following statement is true for ACE inhibitors?
a. ACE inhibitors reduce both cardiac preload and afterload, thereby decreasing cardiac workb. ACE inhibitors increase both angiotensin II and bradykinin levels
c. ACE inhibitors decrease both angiotensin II and bradykinin levels
d. None of the above
3. Choose the correct antihypertensive agents and their mechanism of action:
a. Furosemide: inhibition of epithelial sodium transport at the late distal and collecting ductsb. Losartan: increases aldosterone secretion causing sodium and water retention
c. Clonidine: acts centrally as an a2 agonist causing inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor center
d. a and c
e. a, b and c
4. Which of the following is a direct renin inhibitor?
a. Olmesartanb. Eplerenone
c. Aliskiren
d. None of the above
5. Choose the cardioselective b-adrenergic blockers.
a. Atenololb. Propranolol
c. Betaxolol
d. Carteolol
6. The cellular action of calcium channel blockers is
a. They inhibit Na + - Ca 2+ exchanger in cardiac and smooth musclesb. They interact with the L-type voltage-gated channel
c. Their interaction with the sodium pump results in the inhibition of calcium transport
d. Their interaction with the membrane phospholipids results in a nonselective decrease in ion transport
7. Following are the pharmacological management of myocardial infarction to prevent future heart attacks
a. Platelet inhibitorsb. b-blockers
c. Control of hyperlipidemia
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
8. The cellular mechanism action of digoxin is:
a. Inhibition of cAMP synthesisb. Inhibition of b-adrenergic stimulation
c. Inhibition of ATP degradation
d. Inhibition of Na + K + ATPase
9. Which of the following drugs provide significant relaxation of smooth muscles of both venules and arterioles?
a. Nifedipineb. Diazoxide
c. Sodium nitroprusside
d. Minoxidil
10. Which of the following drugs is not used for the management of congestive heart failure?
a. Enalaprilb. Nifedipine
c. Propranolol
d. Digoxin
11. Which of the following class of anti-arrhythmic drug suppresses abnormal automaticity and permit the sinoatrial node to again assume the role of a dominant pacemaker?
a. Class Ib. Class II
c. Class III
d. Class IV
12. The anticoagulant effect of heparin is explained by................................................
a. Chelation of calcium ionb. Reduction of vitamin k dependent factor
c. Activation of antithrombin III
d. Activation of plasmin
13. If quinidine and digoxin are administered concurrently, what effect does quinidine have on digoxin?
a. Plasma concentration of digoxin is increasedb. Absorption of digoxin from the gastrointestinal tract is decreased
c. Effect of digoxin on the AV node is antagonized
d. Metabolism of digoxin is prevented
14. The specific antidote for Heparin is;
a. Pralidoximeb. Protamine sulfate
c. Vitamin K
d. EDTA
15. The therapeutic benefit of propranolol in angina is believed to be primarily due to:
a. Reduced production of catecholaminesb. A decreased requirement of myocardial oxygen
c. Increased sensitivity to catecholamines
d. Increased peripheral resistance
16. Low concentration of nitrates cause dilation of:
a. Large arteriesb. Veins
c. Precapillary sphincters
d. Arterioles
17. Following is the mechanism of action of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
a. Competitive inhibition of HMG-CoA reductaseb. Reduction in endogenous cholesterol synthesis
c. Up-regulation of LDL receptor activity
d. None of above
e. All of the above
18. Nicotinic acid is;
a. Lipid modifying agentb. Thrombolytic
c. Anticoagulant
d. Antiplatelet agent
19. A 46-year old man has been successfully treated with a thiazide diuretic for the last 5 years. Over the last 4 months, his diastolic pressure has steadily increased, and he has been kept on additional antihypertensive medication. He complains of several instances of being unable to achieve an erection and that he is no longer able to complete 3 sets of tennis. Which of the following second antihypertensive drug is most likely to cause the above mentioned complains?
a. Metoprololb. Captopril
c. Losartan
d. Nifedipine
20. Which of the following drug is a K+ channel opener?
a. Amiodaroneb. Nicorandil
c. Nifedipine
d. Captopril
Multiple Choice Answers:
1-d) Ethacrynic acid
2- a) ACE inhibitors reduce both cardiac preload and afterload, thereby decreasing cardiac work
3- d)
4-c) Aliskiren
5-a) Atenolol
6-b) They interact with the L-type voltage-gated channel
7-d) All of the above
8-d) Inhibition of Na + K + ATPase
9-c) Sodium nitroprusside
10-b) Nifedipine
11-a) Class I
12-c) Activation of antithrombin III
13-a) Plasma concentration of digoxin is increased
14-b) Protamine sulfate
15-b) Decreased requirement of myocardial oxygen
16-b) Veins
17-e) All of the above
18-a) Lipid modifying agent
19-a) Metoprolol
20-b) Nicorandil
Answer
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