BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACEUTICS

  Multiple Choice Questions on Superficial and Cutaneous Fungal Infections 1. All of the following are examples of common superficial mycoses, EXCEPT ? a) Aspergillosis b) Candidiasis c) Tinea versicolor d) Tinea nigra 2. Which of the following statement regarding Tinea nigra infection is NOT correct? a) Most prevalent in the tropical and subtropical region b) Symptoms include pigmented macules on palm and soles c) Trycophyton spp is the causative fungi d) Common specimen is skin scrapings 3. The fungi Trichosporon commonly causes superficial infection of hair also called white piedra. Which of the following species of Trichosporon causes scalp hair white piedra ? a) T. ovoides b) T. inkin c) T. asahii d) None of the above 4. All of the following are the characteristics of cutaneous mycoses, EXCEPT ? a) The infection of hair, skin, and nails b) The common cause of ringworm in humans only c) Candida spp is associated with the infection d) The keratinize...

Multiple Choice Question on Fungi and Fungal Infections 1) What are the different types of medically important fungal infections?  Select from all the options below a) Aspergillosis b)Dermatophytosis  c) Mucormycosis d) Toxoplasmosis 2) Which of the following is Not a common cultural characteristics of fungi? a) They are heterotypic eukaryotic microorganisms b) The cell wall is composed of chitin c) Fungi reproduce asexually only d) Can cause superficial and systemic diseases 3) Which of the following dimorphic fungus is a medically important human pathogen that can cause severe respiratory infections? a) Cryptococcus neoformans b) Histoplasma capsulatum c) Mucor racemosus d) Aspergillus niger 4) Various components of fungi contribute to the laboratory identification and detection of the organism, including features of the fungal cell wall. Identify the components: a) Hyphae / mycelia b) Consists of a stalk / stem c) Consists of a fruiting bo...

Multiple Choice Questions on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/AIDS) with answers 1) Which virus is associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic? A) HIV-2 B) HTLV-1 C) HIV-1 D) HIV-3 2) Which of the following is an important molecule present in the outer membrane of HIV that helps the virus to enter and infect host cells? a) Polysaccharides b) Glycoproteins c) Proteins d) Lipopolysaccharides 3) Select all the incorrect options given below for the common route of transmission of HIV from one person to another? a) Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person b) From infected mother to the fetus c) From the mosquito bite  d) Exposure to contaminated blood and blood products e) Using and sharing the same swimming pool  4) HIV belongs to which of the following genus member of the virus? a) Orthomyxovirus b) Retrovirus c) Parvovirus d) Reovirus 5) All of the following statements regarding HIV infection in human is true, ...

                                                        Multiple Choice Questions on Parasite / Protozoa 1. Which of the following is an important and common specimen taken for the microscopic detection of malarial parasites in humans? a) Stool b) Sputum c) Blood      d) Urine 2. Which of the following parasite is transmitted to humans through exposure to cat feces? a) Trichomonas vaginalis b) Toxoplasma gondii          c) Entamoeaba histolytica d) Plasmodium falciparum 3. Which of the following parasite is a common cause of diarrhea in humans and some animals? a) Giardia lamblia      b)   Leishmania donovani c) Toxoplasma gondii d)  Pneumocystis carinii 4. Which of the following protozoan parasite can be spread to humans by the bite of a sandfly? a) Entamoeba histolytica b) Plasmo...

                                Sterilization, disinfection, and aseptic procedure 1) Identify all the commonly used physical methods for the sterilization process in healthcare facilities including microbiology laboratories, hospitals, and biotechnology industries a) Dry heat b) Ionizing gamma Radiation c) Moist heat (steam under pressure) d) Phenols e) Filtration 2) Autoclave is a widely used equipment for the sterilization process in microbiology laboratory, it is an example of moist heat method. Which of the following is the recommended heat temperature and time period for the moist heat sterilization process conducted in an autoclave? a) 180 degree C for 5 minutes b) 121 degree C for 15 minutes c) 126 degree C for 3 minutes      d) 160 degree C for 45 minutes 3) What is the correct statement for the term 'Bioburden' ? a) The number of microorganisms present on the surface b) The bacteria...

Enteric bacteria/ Gut flora -  E. coli, Salmonella spp, and Shigella spp 1) A large family of enteric bacteria is present as normal flora in the intestines of humans and other mammals. Which of the following is less likely to be found as the normal flora of the intestine?   a) Escherichia spp b) Salmonella spp c) Staphylococcus spp d) Proteus spp 2) Which of the following bacteria is not a clinically important enterobacteriaceae? a) E.coli b) Streptococcus  pyogenes c) Salmonella typhi d) Proteus mirabilis 3) All are the important general characteristics of enteric bacteria, EXCEPT ? a) Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic b) Non-spore forming c) Grow in media with bile salts d) Do not produce nitrates e) Ferment glucose f) Most of them are catalase positive and oxidase negative 4) Enteric bacteria are mainly classified based on their ability to ferment various sugars including lactose.  Which of the following bacteria is a non-lactose fermen...

Multiple Choice Question on B cell Proliferation and Maturation (Immunology) 1) The lymphoid stem cells commit to B cell lineage and differentiate into pro-B cells in the bone marrow.  Which of the cell surface marker is expressed in pro-B cells? a) CD25 b) CD25R c) CD45 d) CD45R 2) Stromal cells present in the bone marrow are required for the proliferation and survival of B cells. Which of the following is the function of stromal cells? a) They interact with pro B cells via VCAM-1 ligand on the stromal cells. b) Stromal cells secrete IL-7 that induces the pro-B cell to mature into pre-B cells. c) Both of the above d) None of the above 3) During the B cell maturation, which of the following stage expresses a surrogate light chain complexed with the heavy chain? a) Pro-B cell b) Pre-B cell c) Immature B cell d) Mature B cell 4) Which of the following cell surface marker is not expressed throughout the B cell maturation process from Pro B cell to Mat...