BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACEUTICS

                                                        Multiple Choice Questions on Parasite / Protozoa 1. Which of the following is an important and common specimen taken for the microscopic detection of malarial parasites in humans? a) Stool b) Sputum c) Blood      d) Urine 2. Which of the following parasite is transmitted to humans through exposure to cat feces? a) Trichomonas vaginalis b) Toxoplasma gondii          c) Entamoeaba histolytica d) Plasmodium falciparum 3. Which of the following parasite is a common cause of diarrhea in humans and some animals? a) Giardia lamblia      b)   Leishmania donovani c) Toxoplasma gondii d)  Pneumocystis carinii 4. Which of the following protozoan parasite can be spread to humans by the bite of a sandfly? a) Entamoeba histolytica b) Plasmo...

               Malaria disease and Anti-malarial drugs WHO recommended second malaria vaccine: Please click   https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03115-1 Malaria: - Estimated 300-500 million human infections per year throughout the world - Transmitted to humans through the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes - The parasite Plasmodium spp  cause infections in humans that is transmitted by the vector (mosquito).   Four major species are identified namely P falciparum, P vivax, P ovale, P malariae Antimalarial Drugs Overview Table: Category Drug Examples Target Stage Mechanism of Action Notable Side Effects Resistance Issues 4-Aminoquinolines Chloroquine, Amodiaquine Blood schizonts Inhibits heme detoxification (toxic buildup) Retinopathy, pruritus Widespread in P. falciparum 8-Aminoquinolines Primaquine, Tafenoquine Liver hypnozoites, gametocytes Produces reactive oxygen species Hemolysis (G6PD deficiency), GI upset Resistance...

Multiple Choice Questions on Yersinia pestis, Pasteurella sps- Plague 1) All of the following bacterial pathogens given below are the example of bacterial zoonotic diseases, EXCEPT a) Bacillus anthracis b) Borrelia burgdorferi c) Yersinia pestis d) Leishmania tropica 2) Which of the following is the most common form of plague that causes swelling of the lymph nodes? a) Septicemic plague b) Bubonic plague c) Pneumonic plague d) All of the above 3) Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the cultural characteristics of Yersinia pestis ? a) The bacteria can cause pneumonia in humans through airborne droplets  b) The suitable bacterial growth temperature is room temperature using MacConkey agar c) The bacteria is lactose positive d) The common source of transmission to humans is through rats  4) Select all the correct answers, the commonly used preventive measures to control the plague are ................................................? a) ...