BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACEUTICS

Multiple Choice Questions on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/AIDS) with answers 1) Which virus is associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic? A) HIV-2 B) HTLV-1 C) HIV-1 D) HIV-3 2) Which of the following is an important molecule present in the outer membrane of HIV that helps the virus to enter and infect host cells? a) Polysaccharides b) Glycoproteins c) Proteins d) Lipopolysaccharides 3) Select all the incorrect options given below for the common route of transmission of HIV from one person to another? a) Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person b) From infected mother to the fetus c) From the mosquito bite  d) Exposure to contaminated blood and blood products e) Using and sharing the same swimming pool  4) HIV belongs to which of the following genus member of the virus? a) Orthomyxovirus b) Retrovirus c) Parvovirus d) Reovirus 5) All of the following statements regarding HIV infection in human is true, ...

40 plus questions - Multiple Choice Questions on Classification, Culture, and Identification of the microorganisms 1. Which of the following microorganism has the cocci cell shapes and sizes arranged usually in tetrad structures? a)  Streptococcus pneumoniae b)  Staphylococcus aureus c)  Chlamydia trachomatis d)  Neisseria meningitidis 2. What are the different growth morphology and cell structures used for the classification of fungi? Select all the correct answers: a) Yeast b) Mold c) Mycelia d) Protozoa 3. Which of the following media is formulated with additional nutrients to support the growth of fastidious or nutritionally demanding bacteria that may not grow well on basic media? a) Differential media b) Enriched media c) Nutrient agar (media) d) Selective media 4. Which of the following metabolic characteristic is a distinguishing characteristic and identification of colonies of  E. coli ? a) Hydrogen sulfide formation b) Indole Formation c) Lactose fe...

               Malaria disease and Anti-malarial drugs WHO recommended second malaria vaccine: Please click   https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03115-1 Malaria: - Estimated 300-500 million human infections per year throughout the world - Transmitted to humans through the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes - The parasite Plasmodium spp  cause infections in humans that is transmitted by the vector (mosquito).   Four major species are identified namely P falciparum, P vivax, P ovale, P malariae Antimalarial Drugs Overview Table: Category Drug Examples Target Stage Mechanism of Action Notable Side Effects Resistance Issues 4-Aminoquinolines Chloroquine, Amodiaquine Blood schizonts Inhibits heme detoxification (toxic buildup) Retinopathy, pruritus Widespread in P. falciparum 8-Aminoquinolines Primaquine, Tafenoquine Liver hypnozoites, gametocytes Produces reactive oxygen species Hemolysis (G6PD deficiency), GI upset Resistance...

                               MCQ on Malaria Parasites, Plasmodium spp                                     Figure: Plasmodium spp (in peripheral blood) 1. Malaria is widespread in numerous countries and is known to be a major cause of death due to parasitic infections, claiming millions of lives worldwide, with the highest mortality rates observed in Africa.  Which age group of people are more vulnerable to malaria?  a) 10 - 15 years of age b) > 5 years of age    c) < 40 years of age d) 10- 25 years of age 2. Which of the following Plasmodium  spp is the most virulent and also a leading cause of human fatalities from malaria  worldwide each year? a)  Plasmodium knowlesi b)  Plasmodium malariae c)  Plasmodium falciparum   d)  Plasmodium vivax  3...

                            MCQs on Dengue fever, diagnosis and treatment 1. A 45-year-old female residing in Delhi, India presents to the emergency department with a high-grade fever, severe headache, and joint pain. She reports that her symptoms began suddenly a week ago with a fever that reached up to 103°F. She describes headache as intense and located behind her eyes. She complains severe joint pain, especially in her wrists and ankles. She has developed a rash on her arms and legs, which is characterized by small red spots. The patient has no significant past medical history. She has been taking pain reliever medications (ibuprofen) and paracetamol to manage her symptoms. Her family informs that other people in her neighbourhood are also sick with similar symptoms.  Upon examination, her temperature is 103°F, blood pressure is 114/75 mm Hg, respiratory rate is 18 breaths per minute. The patient appear fatig...