BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACEUTICS

                       MCQ on Coagulation Proteins and Disorders 1. Which protein plays a central role in the blood clotting process by converting fibrinogen to fibrin? a) Factor VIII b) Factor IX c) Factor X d) Thrombin 2. Hemophilia A is a bleeding disorder caused by the deficiency of which coagulation factor? a) Factor VII b) Factor VIII c) Factor IX d) Factor XI 3. Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of which group of coagulation factors? a) Factors I, II, V, VII b) Factors II, VII, IX, X c) Factors V, VIII, IX, X d) Factors XI, XII, XIII, XIV 4. Which coagulation disorder is characterized by the formation of blood clots in small blood vessels throughout the body, potentially leading to organ damage? a) Hemophilia b) Thrombocytopenia c) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) d) von Willebrand Disease 5. Which factor is commonly known as antihemophilic factor and is deficient in Hemophilia B? a) Factor VIII b...

Metabolic Pathway of Methionine and Cysteine Conversion of Methionine to S-Adenosyl Methionine  - Methionine is a nutritionally essential amino acid, therefore, the dietary source is generally proteins.  - S-adenosyl methionine synthase catalyzes the conversion of methionine to S-adenosyl methionine - Require ATP, the ATP is hydrolyzed to AMP and PPi, therefore two energy equivalent of ATP is consumed in the reaction Figure 1: Metabolic Pathway for the methionine metabolism Formation of S-Adenosyl homocysteine from S-Adenosyl methionine  - S-adenosyl methionine serves as an active methyl group donor in various metabolic pathways including amino acid metabolism, hormones/neurotransmitter synthesis, etc. - Once the methyl group is transferred to the methyl acceptor, the S-Adenosyl methionine is formed  - Generally transferred by specific methyltransferase Hydrolysis of S-Adenosyl homocysteine to form homocysteine  -The hydrolysis of S-Adenosyl homocysteine form...