BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACEUTICS

Multiple Choice Questions on Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism Refer to Lecture Notes For Readings  1) Tyrosine is a nutritionally non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from tyrosine.  Identify the enzyme responsible catalyzes the reaction : a) Tyrosine deaminase  b) Tyrosinase  c) Tyrosine Hydroxylase d) Phenylalanine Hydroxylase  2) Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is an enzyme that required the reduced form of which of the following co-factor for its activity? a) NADH b) NADPH c) Reduced Glutathione d) Reduce tetrahydrobiopterin 3) Phenylketonuria is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine.  Identify the correct statements regarding 'phenylketonuria': a) PKU occurs due to deficiency of both PAH and dihydrobiopterin reductase deficiency b) Missense mutation of the  PAH gene  are frequently observed in PKU patients c) All PKU patients do not respond to biopterin  treatmen...

                       MCQ on Coagulation Proteins and Disorders 1. Which protein plays a central role in the blood clotting process by converting fibrinogen to fibrin? a) Factor VIII b) Factor IX c) Factor X d) Thrombin 2. Hemophilia A is a bleeding disorder caused by the deficiency of which coagulation factor? a) Factor VII b) Factor VIII c) Factor IX d) Factor XI 3. Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of which group of coagulation factors? a) Factors I, II, V, VII b) Factors II, VII, IX, X c) Factors V, VIII, IX, X d) Factors XI, XII, XIII, XIV 4. Which coagulation disorder is characterized by the formation of blood clots in small blood vessels throughout the body, potentially leading to organ damage? a) Hemophilia b) Thrombocytopenia c) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) d) von Willebrand Disease 5. Which factor is commonly known as antihemophilic factor and is deficient in Hemophilia B? a) Factor VIII b...

Gonadal hormones: Hormones that are primarily produced by the gonads, which are the reproductive organs. In males, the gonads are the testes and the main gonadal hormone is testosterone, which belongs to the class of hormones called androgens. Females have the ovaries as gonads and the primary gonadal hormones are estrogen and progesterone. These hormones play crucial roles in the development and functioning of the reproductive system, as well as in other aspects of overall health.                    Multiple Choice Questions on Gonadal Hormones (Sex Hormones) 1. Which hormone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics during puberty? a) Estrogen b) Progesterone c) Testosterone d) Thyroxine 2. Which of the following is NOT a primary gonadal hormone? a) Estrogen b) Insulin c) Progesterone d) Testosterone 3. What is the primary function of estrogen in females? a) Development of female secondary sexual chara...

Lymphoid neoplasms: Lymphoid neoplasms primarily involve the lymphatic system, which includes lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow. It is the abnormal growth and proliferation of lymphocytes.  Lymphoid neoplasms can be broadly categorized into two main groups: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) : HL is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large, abnormal cells derived from B cells.  ( Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) : NHL encompasses a diverse group of lymphoid malignancies that can arise from B cells, T cells, or natural killer (NK) cells. Myeloid neoplasms   These are a group of disorders characterized by abnormal growth and development of cells in the myeloid lineage, which includes granulocytes, monocytes erythrocytes, platelets, etc.  Myeloid neoplasms can be broadly classified into two main categories: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) : MPNs are characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of multipotent myeloid stem cells in the bon...