BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACEUTICS

                                Sterilization, disinfection, and aseptic procedure 1) Identify all the commonly used physical methods for the sterilization process in healthcare facilities including microbiology laboratories, hospitals, and biotechnology industries a) Dry heat b) Ionizing gamma Radiation c) Moist heat (steam under pressure) d) Phenols e) Filtration 2) Autoclave is a widely used equipment for the sterilization process in microbiology laboratory, it is an example of moist heat method. Which of the following is the recommended heat temperature and time period for the moist heat sterilization process conducted in an autoclave? a) 180 degree C for 5 minutes b) 121 degree C for 15 minutes c) 126 degree C for 3 minutes      d) 160 degree C for 45 minutes 3) What is the correct statement for the term 'Bioburden' ? a) The number of microorganisms present on the surface b) The bacteria...

Most important mosquito-borne microorganisms: Malaria Parasites (Plasmodium spp.): Malaria is a serious and potentially fatal disease caused by various species of the Plasmodium parasite. When an infected mosquito bites a person, it transfers the parasite into their bloodstream. The parasites then infect the liver and red blood cells, leading to symptoms like fever, chills, and anemia. Dengue Virus : Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti. Dengue fever can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild fever to severe dengue (also known as dengue hemorrhagic fever), which can be life-threatening. Zika Virus: Zika virus is another pathogen spread by Aedes mosquitoes. In most cases, Zika causes mild or asymptomatic infections, but it can pose serious risks to pregnant women due to the association with birth defects such as microcephaly in babies. Chikungunya Virus: Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes m...