BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACEUTICS

                           MCQs on emerging viral infections 1. What are the possible cause of an emerging virus infection?  Select all the correct answers a) Genetic mutation b) Overeating c) Insufficient physical exercise d) Zoonotic transmission (animals to humans) 2. Which of the following measures are the effective preventive measures to control the spread of the emerging viral infections? a) Quarantine and social distancing  b) Receiving the available vaccines c) Surveillance and contact tracing d) All of the above 3. How is the Zika virus primarily transmitted to humans? a) Airborne transmission b) Contact with infected animals c) Mosquito bites  d) Sexual contact 4. Which of the following diseases is associated with severe hemorrhagic fever and has caused outbreaks in Africa? a) Ebola virus disease b) Dengue fever c) Chikungunya fever d) MERS-CoV infection 5. Nipah virus outbreaks are linked to ...

                                         MCQs on Nipah virus with a clinical case 1. A 41 year old male fruit farmer residing in rural village Kerala, India comes to the local health clinic with a high fever, severe headache, and dizziness that he says started a week ago. He has been experiencing vomiting and muscle pain with difficulty in breathing. Upon examination, the healthcare provider notices the patient has a high fever of 39.5°C (103.1°F), he exhibits signs of confusion and disorientation. His breathing is labored, and has a cough. He has been experiencing vomiting and diarrhea, complains of severe muscle pain and weakness. His wife informs the examiner that there has been an outbreak of an unknown illness in their village, and some of their neighbors have fallen ill as well.  Blood sample is taken for bacterial culture, and to check virus antibodies and antigens. Serol...

                         Multiple Choice Questions on Bile Acid Metabolism 1) Most of the plasma proteins are synthesized in the liver.  Which of the following plasma protein is not synthesized in the liver? a) Albumin b) Transferrin c) Ceruloplasmin d) von Willebrand factor 2) Which of the following is not the metabolic function of the liver? a) Synthesis and assembly of chylomicrons b) Synthesis and secretion of bile acids c) Synthesis and breakdown of glycogen d) Gluconeogenesis 3) Bile acids are conjugated to amino acids or taurine to form bile salts.  Which of the following amino acid is utilized for conjugation reaction? a) Alanine b) Glycine c)Valine d)Leucine 4) Cholic acid and Chenodeoxycholic acid are the primary bile acid synthesized in the liver.  The bile acid is converted into secondary bile acids (eg. deoxycholic acid) by ............................................................. a) E...

                                        MCQs on Plasma Proteins 1) Plasma proteins are composed of mostly glycoproteins, lipoproteins, and immunoglobulins that function in the immune system; binding and transporting nutrients, toxic substances, metals, etc. The normal reference range for total plasma proteins is ............................ a) 2.5-4.5 gm / dl b) 4.5-6.0 gm / dl c) 6.0-8.3 gm / dl 4) >8.3gm / dl 2) Albumin and globulin (A&G) are the two important group of plasma proteins, the reference range for the A: G ratio is 0.8-2.0. Based on the electrophoretic mobility, the globulin fraction may be further classified into alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin, beta-globulin, and gamma-globulin. Which of the following protein is present in the gamma-globulin fraction ? a) Ceruloplasmin b) Haptoglobin c) Immunoglobulin d) Transthyretin 3) C-reactive protein, a plasma prot...

  Multiple Choice Questions on Superficial and Cutaneous Fungal Infections 1. All of the following are examples of common superficial mycoses, EXCEPT ? a) Aspergillosis b) Candidiasis c) Tinea versicolor d) Tinea nigra 2. Which of the following statement regarding Tinea nigra infection is NOT correct? a) Most prevalent in the tropical and subtropical region b) Symptoms include pigmented macules on palm and soles c) Trycophyton spp is the causative fungi d) Common specimen is skin scrapings 3. The fungi Trichosporon commonly causes superficial infection of hair also called white piedra. Which of the following species of Trichosporon causes scalp hair white piedra ? a) T. ovoides b) T. inkin c) T. asahii d) None of the above 4. All of the following are the characteristics of cutaneous mycoses, EXCEPT ? a) The infection of hair, skin, and nails b) The common cause of ringworm in humans only c) Candida spp is associated with the infection d) The keratinize...

Multiple Choice Questions on Purine & Pyrimidine Metabolism Purine metabolism is a crucial biochemical process that involves the biosynthesis, degradation, and recycling of purine nucleotides, which are essential building blocks of DNA and RNA. The de novo biosynthesis of purines requires several enzymes, including glutamine: phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase, which is a committed step and a target for regulation. Other important enzymes involved in purine biosynthesis include adenylosuccinate synthetase and adenylosuccinate lyase. The degradation of purine nucleotides generates uric acid, which is excreted by the kidneys. Dysregulation of purine metabolism can lead to several diseases, including gout and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Understanding the complex regulation of purine metabolism is crucial for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. 1. The function of nucleotide includes : a) Second Messenger b) Energy currency and high energy equivalents c...