MCQ on Malaria Parasites, Plasmodium spp
1. Malaria is endemic in many countries and is reported to be a leading cause of death from parasitic infection killing millions of people globally, with the most number of deaths occurring in Africa.
Which of the following age group of people are at higher risk?
a) 10 - 15 years of age
b) > 5 years of age
c) < 40 years of age
d) 10- 25 years of age
2. Which of the following Plasmodium spp is considered to be the major parasite that leads to leading cause of human deaths throughout the world annually?
a) Plasmodium knowlesi
b) Plasmodium malariae
c) Plasmodium falciparum
d) Plasmodium vivax
3. Which of the following human disease is transmitted from the vector Anopheles mosquito?
a) Dengue
b) Malaria
c) Filaria
d) Encephalitis
4. A 7-year-old girl from a malaria-endemic region visited the hospital with fever, chills, aches, and fatigue. The blood smear method (thick and thin blood smear) was performed for the microscopic examination, and the intracellular parasite and its stages were identified, the girl was diagnosed with malaria.
Which of the following statements regarding the general characteristics of Plasmodium spp is Not correct?
a) There are five known species of Plasmodium that cause infections in human
b) The parasite containing sporozoites are released into the blood via the mosquito
c) The sexual reproduction is completed in mosquitoes whereas asexual in human RBCs
d) The infection can lead to liver and spleen enlargement
5. From the above question, which of the following statements is Not true regarding the thick and thin blood smear in the microscopic examination method?
a)All asexual stages of the Plasmodium spp can be seen
b) If the result is negative, no further repeat blood smears are needed
c) If the result is negative, repeat blood smears should be taken every 12 hours for 48 hours
d) The ring stage, schizonts, and merozoites can be observed
6. All of the following statements regarding Plasmodium falciparum infection are true, Except?
a) P. falciparum, falciparum name is derived from sickle-shaped gametocytes
b) Malaria caused by P. falciparum is also known as "malignant tertian malaria"
c) It causes severe infections and is known to be the most fatal of all human malaria
d) Schuffner's dots are developed and can be observed during microscopic examination
7. Which of the following Plasmodia has general features related to P. vivax and infections similar to that caused by P. falciparum?
a) P. knowlesi
b) P. ovale
c) P. malariae
d) None of the above
8. Which of the following is the one morphological characteristics that distinguish P. vivax and
P. ovale from other human malaria parasites?
a) Maurer's dots
b) Schuffner's dots
c) Ring stages
d) Banana shaped gametocytes
9. A person may develop severe infections when infected with P. falciparum, the parasites grow and infect mainly the red blood cells and liver cells, in severe cases may reach and infect central nervous system. The complications may lead to hemolytic anemia, symptoms like jaundice, and discoloration of the urine can be seen.
Which of the following term has been applied to this type of complication caused by P. falciparum?
a) Rift valley fever
b) Yellow fever
c) Blackwater fever
d) Kala-azar
10. All types of malaria have flu-like symptoms, after a few days of infection the individuals could experience periodic febrile attacks, also known as malarial paroxysms.
Which of the following statements regarding malarial paroxysm is Not correct?
a) It has three stages, hot, cold, and sweating stages
b) It lasts for about 8 to 12 hours
c) It happens when the RBCs release sporozoites in the blood
d) It is usually 72 hours for P. malariae and 48 hours for other human Plasmodium spp
11. All of the following statements regarding recurrent malaria (relapse, recrudescence, and reinfection) are correct, Except?
a) Some patients develop malaria again after a period of time
b) Recrudescence is due to insufficient treatment, relapse is due to the reappearance of merozoites from hypnozoites
c) It can be seen in all Plasmodium spp causing malaria
d) The highest rate of relapses occurs with malaria caused by P. vivax
12. A thin blood smear is used as a specimen for the microscopic detection of Plasmodia.
Which of the following dyes/stain is used for the identification?
a) Lactophenol cotton blue
b) Giemsa stain
c) Safranin
d) Crystal violet
13. Schuffner's dots (RBCs) are the characteristic feature of P. vivax and P. ovale in the blood sample, and the Maurer dots are seen in which of the following malarial parasite?
a) P. knowlesi
b) P. malariae and P. falciparum
c) P. falciparum
d) P malariae
14. Dengue and Malaria are both prevalent in India and an increasing number of people are dying annually from the diseases.
Which of the following statements regarding malaria and dengue are Not true?
a) Dengue is transmitted via Aedes mosquitoes whereas malaria is via Anopheles mosquitoes
b) Painful eyes and skin rashes are the symptoms of dengue, not seen in malaria
c) Malaria can be treated with drugs whereas there are no available drugs for the treatment of dengue
d) Malaria and dengue both are viral infections
15. From the question above, which of the following Plasmodium spp is more commonly infectious in India?
a) P. vivax and P. falciparum
b) P. ovale and P. falciparum
c) P. malariae and P. vivax
d) P. falciparum
16. What is the relation between the disease sickle cell anemia and malaria?
Select the correct answer:
a) Sickle cell anemia patients with HbS homozygous allele are resistant to malaria
b) Sickle cell anemia patients HbS homozygous allele are more susceptible to malaria caused by P. vivax
c) Sickle cell trait individuals with HbA & HbS heterozygote alleles are resistant to malaria
d) Individuals with sickle cell anemia genes HbA & HbS heterozygote genes are at low risk from malaria
17. Which of the following statements is most correct about the "exoerythrocytic phase" of the development of the Plasmodia?
a) The sporozoites of plasmodia do not divide and remain outside the red blood cells
b) This phase occurs only in P. vivax and P. ovale
c)The sporozoites are called hypnozoites during the exoerythrocytic phase
d) There is a long duration of time between initial infection and the appearance of the symptoms
e)All of the above
18. When the sporozoites enter the human blood, they are carried to the liver where they replicate and develop into merozoites. The merozoites are released into the blood and the parasites invade RBCs. Which of the following statements is Not true regarding the developmental phase of Plasmodia inside the RBCs?
a) The phase is known as the erythrocytic phase of malaria
b)The merozoites go through asexual reproduction
c) The phase lasts for two to three days
d)The merozoites go through sexual reproduction and develop into a zygote
19. Which of the following Plasmodium spp is responsible for the highest mortality rate annually around the world?
a) P. knowlesi
b) P. falciparum
c) P. malariae
d) P. vivax
e) P. ovale
20. The malaria drug hydroxychloroquine was falsely reported to be effective in which type of viral infection in 2020?
a) Dengue
b) Influenza
c) COVID-19
d) Swine flu
e) Hepatitis
21. In 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the first-ever vaccine against malaria.
Which of the following age group of people can get the dose of the vaccine who are living in the malaria epidemic regions?
a) children 5 months to 10 years
b) 15 years and older
c) 60 years and older
d) Infants only
22. Name the organ in which the malarial parasite could reside and stay dormant for up to one year during the transmission of the disease in humans
a) Kidney
b) Liver
c) Intestines
d) Gall's bladder
23. Which of the following is the most common type of symptom that occur in people infected with malaria?
a) Muscle aches and low-grade fever
b) Skin rashes and swollen legs and hands
c) Mouth rashes and itchy skin
d) High-grade fever and chills
24. Malaria cannot be spread from person to person and is not a sexually transmitted disease
a) TRUE
b) FALSE
25. Which of the following parasitic infections is treatable if drugs are available and taken during the initial stages of the infection?
Select all the correct options
a) Measles
b) Chagas disease
c) Malaria
d) Toxoplasmosis
Answers:
1- b) > 5 year of age
2-c) Plasmodium falciparum
3-b) Malaria
4- All the options are correct, a, b, c & d
5-b) If the result is negative, no further repeat blood smears are needed
6-d) Schuffner's dots are developed and can be observed during microscopic examination
7-a) P. knowlesi
8-b) Schuffner's dots
9-c) Blackwater fever
10-c) It happens when the RBCs release sporozoites in the blood
11-c) It can be seen in all Plasmodium spp causing malaria
12-b) Giemsa stain
13-c) P. falciparum
14-d) Malaria and dengue both are viral infections
15-a) P. vivax and P. falciparum
16-d) Individuals with sickle cell anemia genes HbA & HbS heterozygote genes are at low risk from malaria
17-e) All of the above
18-d) The merozoites go through sexual reproduction and develop into a zygote
19-b) P. falciparum
20-c) COVID-19
21. a) children 5 months to 10 years
22. b) Liver
23. d) High-grade fever and chills
24. a) TRUE
25. b), c), and d) (Measles is not a parasitic disease, it is a very common viral infection)
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