Pharmacology of Endocrine Disorders, Thyroid Disorders, and Diabetes. Treatment of thyroid disorders, and diabetes
Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following drug and their mechanism of action is incorrect?
a) Sulfonylureas: promotes insulin release from the β cells of the pancreasb) Biguanides: improves target cell response to insulin without increasing pancreatic insulin secretion
c) Thiazolidinediones: promotes insulin release from the β cells of the pancreas
d) α-glucosidase inhibitors: reversible inhibition of membrane-bound α glucosidase in the intestine
2) Followings are the side effects of insulin, except
a) Lipodystrophyb) Hypoglycemia
c) Local injection site reactions
d) Anorexia
3) Following statements about type I diabetes are true, except:
a) Shows classic symptoms of insulin deficiency such as polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuriab) Age of onset is commonly over 35 years of age
c) Obesity is usually present
d) Absolute deficiency of insulin caused by destroyed β cells
e) a, c and d
f) a and d
4) In case of heart failure with a history of Type II diabetes, which of the following drugs would be a poor choice in controlling diabetes?
a) Glipizideb) Pioglitazone
c) Metformin
d) Acarbose
5) Which of the following antidiabetic agent is least likely to cause hypoglycemia?
a) Metforminb) Chlorpropamide
c) Insulin
d) Glyburide
6) Which of the following statement about insulin administration is incorrect?
a) Insulin is degraded in the gastrointestinal tract if taken orallyb) In a hyperglycemic emergency, regular insulin is injected intravenously
c) Insulin is administered by intramuscular injection
d) Insulin is administered by subcutaneous injection
7) Following are the drugs that may reduce the effects of sulfonylureas except
a) Sulfonamidesb) Atypical antipsychotics
c) Corticosteroids
d) Diuretics
8) Which effect on glucose metabolism is exerted by Metformin?
a) Reduction in hepatic glucose outputb) Promotes insulin secretion
c) Increases hepatic glucose uptake
d) All of the above
9) What is the mechanism of action of Pioglitazone?
a) Increase release of endogenous insulinb) Increase Hepatic gluconeogenesis
c) Increase target tissue sensitivity to insulin
d) Decrease intestinal absorption of glucose
10) Symptoms of hypothyroidism include all of the following except
a) Bradycardiab) Mental slowing
c) Poor resistance to heat
d) Physical slowing
11) Goitrogens produce all of the following effects except
a) Suppress T3 & T4 secretionb) Increase TSH levels
c) Goiter
d) Destroy thyroid tissue
12) Metyrapone is useful in testing the endocrine function of the....................................?
a) α cells of pancreatic islets
b) β cells of pancreatic islets
c) Neurohypophysis
d) Pituitary adrenal axis
b) Osteoporosis
c) Growth inhibition
d) Cushing’s syndrome
b) Glucocorticoids
c) Vitamin D
d) Parenteral infusion of phosphate
b) Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase
c) Inhibition of coupling of iodotyrosines
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
b) Hydrocortisone
c) Prednisone
d) Dexamethasone
b) Angina pectoris
c) Addison’s disease
d) Acute lymphatic leukemia
b) Moon face
c) Acne and hirsutism
d) All of the above
b) β cells of pancreatic islets
c) Neurohypophysis
d) Pituitary adrenal axis
13) Toxic effect of corticosteroids includes all of the following, except
a) Hypoglycemiab) Osteoporosis
c) Growth inhibition
d) Cushing’s syndrome
14) All of the following are useful in the therapy of hypercalcemia, except
a) Calcitoninb) Glucocorticoids
c) Vitamin D
d) Parenteral infusion of phosphate
15) The mechanism of action of Methimazole is....................................................................
a) Inhibition of iodination of iodideb) Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase
c) Inhibition of coupling of iodotyrosines
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
16) Which of the following adrenal steroids has the lowest mineralocorticoid activity?
a) Prednisoloneb) Hydrocortisone
c) Prednisone
d) Dexamethasone
17) Which of the following is NOT an indication for the use of adrenal steroids?
a) Acute attack of bronchial asthmab) Angina pectoris
c) Addison’s disease
d) Acute lymphatic leukemia
18) All of the followings are the features of Cushing’s syndrome except:
a) Buffalo torsob) Moon face
c) Acne and hirsutism
d) All of the above
19) The mechanism of action of 131I is:
a) Inhibition of its own transport
b) Inhibition of iodine trapping
c) Thyroid cells necrosis without damaging neighboring cells
d) Inhibition of organification of iodine
b) Calcitonin decreases Ca2+ reabsorption
b) Inhibition of iodine trapping
c) Thyroid cells necrosis without damaging neighboring cells
d) Inhibition of organification of iodine
20) Which of the following statement is incorrect?
a) Ca2+ is absorbed by facilitated diffusion in the intestineb) Calcitonin decreases Ca2+ reabsorption
c) Phenytoin increases Ca2+ absorption
d) Oxalates interfere with Ca2+ absorption
d) Oxalates interfere with Ca2+ absorption
Multiple Choice Answers
1-c) Thiazolidinediones: promotes insulin release from the β cells of the pancreas
2-d) Anorexia
3-f) a and d
4-b) Pioglitazone
5-a) Metformin
6-c) Insulin is administered by intramuscular injection
7-a) Metformin
6-c) Insulin is administered by intramuscular injection
7-a) Sulfonamides
8-a) Reduction in hepatic glucose output
9)-c) Increase target tissue sensitivity to insulin
10-d) Destroy thyroid tissue
12-d) Pituitary adrenal axis
13-a) Hypoglycemia
14-c) Vitamin D
15-d) All of the above
16-d) Dexamethasone
17-b) Angina pectoris
18-d) All of the above
19-c) Thyroid cells necrosis without damaging neighboring cells
20-b) Calcitonin decreases Ca2+ reabsorption
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