Introduction of Valoctocogene Roxaparvovec Gene Therapy for Severe Hemophilia A
Valoctocogene Roxaparvovec is an investigational gene therapy product for the treatment of Hemophilia A. It is a Adeno-Associated Virus Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer of Human Factor VIII in Hemophilia A. The gene construct consist of the B-domain depleted VIII under liver specific promoter to drive expression in the liver.
Efficacy:
Efficacy was observed with significant reduction of annualized bleeding rate and usage of factor VIII infusion in phase 2 and phase 3 at the vector dose 6e13 vg/kg.
Durability:
There is a concern of durability of the factor VIII expression as evident gradual decrease in Factor VIII activity after four years of treatment. In phase 3 study, the loower factor VIII activity was observed at 23-26 weeks, the time point at which the VIII activity peaked on subjects from Phase 2 study.
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Clinical Studies
Phase 2- Completed, Long term follow up (NCT03520712)
Phase 3- Enrollement Completed, (NCT03520712)
Phase 3- Enrollement Completed, (NCT03520712)
Outcome:
In phase 2 study, After the infusion in the high-dose cohort (AAV5-hFVIII-SQ at a dose of 6×e13 vg per kilogram), the factor VIII activity level gradually increased and then appeared to plateau at or above physiologic levels in weeks 20 through 24. After week 20, the factor VIII activity level was consistently more than 50 IU per deciliter in six of seven participants, and in the remaining participant the level typically ranged from 12 to 32 IU per deciliter. At week 52, the mean factor VIII activity level was 93 IU/dL). The VIII level gradually decreased and the mean factor VIII level at the four years is 24.2 IU/dL. Even with the reduction of factor VIII level, there is substantial reduction of annualized bleeding rate and exogenous usage of VIII infusion to stop the bleeding episode.
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Valoctocogene Roxaparvovec Gene Therapy for Severe Hemophilia A (Phase 3)
Update: 19 August 2020FDA issued a complete response letter to Biomarin and requested to resubmit application with two years durability of VIII expression and reduction of annualized bleeding rate.
The Agency recommended that the Company complete the Phase 3 Study and submit two-year follow-up safety and efficacy data on all study participants. FDA concluded that the differences between Study 270-201 (Phase 1/2) and the Phase 3 study limited its ability to rely on the Phase 1/2 study to support durability of effect. The Phase 3 study was fully enrolled in November 2019, and the last patient will complete two years of follow up in November 2021.
For the 16 patients who had reached week 26 by the April 30 cutoff since administration of valoctocogene roxaparvovec, the estimated median Annual Bleed Rate (ABR) was zero and the estimated mean ABR was 1.5, representing a reduction of 85% from baseline levels where all patients were on standard of care prophylaxis. In addition, there was an 84% reduction in median annualized Factor VIII usage and a 94% reduction in mean FVIII usage annualized between week 5 and 26.
Top line Data Summary from Phase 3 Study
Updated on As of the April 30, 2019 data cutoff, between weeks 23 to 26, in a cohort of the Phase 3 GENEr8-1 study of valoctocogene roxaparvovec dosed at 6e13 vg/kg, seven of 16 study participants reached or exceeded the pre-specified Factor VIII levels of 40 international units per deciliter using the chromogenic substrate (CS) assay. Subsequent to the April 30 cutoff, one additional participant met that criteria, bringing the total to eight participants.For the 16 patients who had reached week 26 by the April 30 cutoff since administration of valoctocogene roxaparvovec, the estimated median Annual Bleed Rate (ABR) was zero and the estimated mean ABR was 1.5, representing a reduction of 85% from baseline levels where all patients were on standard of care prophylaxis. In addition, there was an 84% reduction in median annualized Factor VIII usage and a 94% reduction in mean FVIII usage annualized between week 5 and 26.
In the 23 to 26 week time period the mean Factor VIII level using the CS assay was 36 (SD=28) IU/dL and the median was 33 IU/dL.
Top line Phase 2 Data Summary From Four Years Follow Up fro 6e13 vg/kg Cohort
Reduction in Annualized Bleeding RateReduction of Usage of Factor VIII Infusion to stop bleeding
In the six study participants who were previously on Factor VIII prophylaxis in the 6e13 vg/kg cohort, the data showed substantial and sustained reductions in bleeding that required Factor VIII infusions.
- Mean Annualized Bleeding Rate Prior to Treatment = 16.5
- Four Years Cumulative Mean Annualized Bleeding Rate = 0.8
- Fourth Year Mean ABR = 1.3
- % Reduction of Bleeding Rate from Baseline = 95% reduction from baseline.
- Mean Factor VIII usage to 5.4 infusions per year cumulatively over four years from the baseline of 135.6 infusions per year.
- All patients continue to produce factor VIII with the mean Factor VIII activity level of the 6e13 vg/kg cohort at 24.2 IU/dL as measured by the chromogenic substrate (CS) assay
Reference
Rangarajan et al 2020 NEMJ
Biomarin Pharaceutical
Read About the Hemophilia Gene Therapy From Sangamo