BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACEUTICS

Multiple Choice Question on B cell Proliferation and Maturation (Immunology) 1) The lymphoid stem cells commit to B cell lineage and differentiate into pro-B cells in the bone marrow.  Which of the cell surface marker is expressed in pro-B cells? a) CD25 b) CD25R c) CD45 d) CD45R 2) Stromal cells present in the bone marrow are required for the proliferation and survival of B cells. Which of the following is the function of stromal cells? a) They interact with pro B cells via VCAM-1 ligand on the stromal cells. b) Stromal cells secrete IL-7 that induces the pro-B cell to mature into pre-B cells. c) Both of the above d) None of the above 3) During the B cell maturation, which of the following stage expresses a surrogate light chain complexed with the heavy chain? a) Pro-B cell b) Pre-B cell c) Immature B cell d) Mature B cell 4) Which of the following cell surface marker is not expressed throughout the B cell maturation process from Pro B cell to Mat...

                  Multiple Choice Questions on  Immune Tolerance & Autoimmunity 1) Which of the following options is the mechanism for induction of immune tolerance? a) Central Anergy b) Peripheral Anergy c) Clonal Anergy d) All of the above 2) The central tolerance occurs in the thymus and bone marrow.  Which of the following statements is true regarding central tolerance ? a) The positive selection occurs in the cortex before maturing and entering the circulation. b) The negative selection occurs in the medulla. c) The negative selection removes cells that have high affinities for self-antigen d) All of the above 3) After exiting the thymus, mature T cells are subjected to the secondary selection where most self-reactive T cells are deleted or rendered anergic. The process is known as ............................................? a) Central Anergy b) Peripheral Anergy c) Clonal Anergy d) All of the a...

40 plus questions - Multiple Choice Questions on Classification, Culture, and Identification of the microorganisms 1. Which of the following microorganism has the cocci cell shapes and sizes arranged usually in tetrad structures? a)  Streptococcus pneumoniae b)  Staphylococcus aureus c)  Chlamydia trachomatis d)  Neisseria meningitidis 2. What are the different growth morphology and cell structures used for the classification of fungi? Select all the correct answers: a) Yeast b) Mold c) Mycelia d) Protozoa 3. Which of the following media is formulated with additional nutrients to support the growth of fastidious or nutritionally demanding bacteria that may not grow well on basic media? a) Differential media b) Enriched media c) Nutrient agar (media) d) Selective media 4. Which of the following metabolic characteristic is a distinguishing characteristic and identification of colonies of  E. coli ? a) Hydrogen sulfide formation b) Indole Formation c) Lactose fe...

                                      MCQ on Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis 1) Which of the following enzyme is not involved in galactose metabolism? a) Glucokinase b) Galactokinase c) Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyl transferase d) UDP-Galactose 4- epimerase 2) Which of the following enzyme is defective in galactosemia (type I) - a fatal genetic disorder in infants? a) Glucokinase b) Galactokinase c) Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyl transferase d) UDP-Galactose 4- epimerase 3) In the liver, the accumulation of which of the following metabolite attenuates the inhibitory of ATP on phosphofructokinase? a) Glucose-6-Phosphate b) Citrate c) Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate d) Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate 4) Mutation in which of the following enzymes leads to a glycogen storage disease known as "Tarui’s disease"? a) Glucokinase b) Phosphofructokinase c) Phosphoglucomutase d) Pyruvate Kinase 5) E...

Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are crucial components of the immune system that play a vital role in defending the body against pathogens. Understanding the structure and function of immunoglobulins is essential for comprehending their importance in immune responses. Structure of Immunoglobulins: Immunoglobulins belong to a larger family of proteins called globulins and are characterized by their Y-shaped structure. Each immunoglobulin molecule consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains (H chains) and two identical light chains (L chains). The H chains are further divided into constant (C) and variable (V) regions. The V regions, located at the N-terminal ends of both H and L chains, are highly diverse and form the antigen-binding site of the immunoglobulin. The C regions, found in the middle and C-terminal portions of the H and L chains, are relatively more conserved. Immunoglobulin Function: The primary function of immunoglobulins is to recognize and bind...

Drugs for the treatment of Respiratory Disease Multiple Choice Question (Bronchial asthma, Tuberculosis, Antihistaminic, and Cough therapy) 1) All of the following are selective β2-agonist, except: a) Isoprenaline b) Salbutamol c) Terbutaline d) Formoterol 2) All of the following combinations of drug and their mechanism of action is correct, except: a) Salbutamol: stimulation of β2 receptor causing bronchodilation b) Sodium cromoglicate: mast cell stabilization c) Zafirlukast: leukotriene modulators d) Theophylline: non-selective β2 receptor stimulation causing bronchodilation 3) Which of the following statement about Salmeterol is not true? a) It acts by relaxing muscles in the airways to improve breathing b) It is a short-acting selective β2 agonist c) Salmeterol inhalation is used to prevent asthma attacks d) Salmeterol inhalation is used to treat COPD including emphysema and chronic bronchitis 4) Which of the following inhibits acetylcholine-media...