BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACEUTICS

Multiple Choice Questions on Hemoglobin and Hemoglobinopathies 1) Hemoglobin is a heme-containing globular protein present in erythrocytes.  Which of the following is the function of hemoglobin? a) Storage of oxygen b) Transport of oxygen c) Both of the above d) None of the above 2) Adult hemoglobin (HbA) is a tetrameter consisting of ..............................? a)  α2 β2 b)  α2 δ2 c)  α2 γ 2 d)  β4 3) Which of the following is the oxygen binding site of the hemoglobin? a) N-terminal of the beta subunit  b) Carboxyterminal of both alpha and beta subunits c) Ferric ion (Fe+3) of the heme molecule d) Ferrous ion (Fe+2) of the heme molecule 4) Identify the correct statements regarding hemoglobin (HbA) from the following options : a) HbA shows hyperbolic oxygen dissociation curve  b) HbA shows a sigmoidal oxygen dissociation curve  c) T-state favors the oxygen binding to hemoglobin d) R-state favors the oxygen binding to hemoglobin 5) Which of the...

Multiple Choice Questions in Upper and lower respiratory tract  microorganisms and  infections -  common cold, pneumonia, tuberculosis and other respiratory tract infections                           Figure: Respiratory tract (Source- Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology) 1) During the flu season, a 69-year-old woman with a 25-year history of hypertension and 3 years of arthritis presented at the hospital. She had been experiencing symptoms resembling a common cold, including a mild cough, chest discomfort, fever, and body aches, all persisting for the past 4 days. A sputum sample is collected for laboratory analysis, and a chest X-ray revealed suspicions of lobar pneumonia.  Laboratory culture of the specimen yielded colonies of round diplococci organized in chains, indicating a potential infection. Which of the following bacteria could be the possible pathogen ? a) Neisseria gonorrhoeae b...

                                               MCQs on Herpes Viruses 1. A 32-year-old male presents with a painful blister on his lip that he noticed a few days ago. He reports a burning sensation and itching around the blister. The patient mentions that he has experienced these symptoms before. He is concerned about whether it is a herpes outbreak, as he has heard about it. Upon clinical examination, a small cluster of vesicles with clear fluid is observed on the patient's upper lip. The lesions are typical of a herpes labialis (cold sore) outbreak. The patient also mentions occasional cold sores in the past. Viral Culture is performed to confirm the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and identify the virus type.  Which of the following type collection method is commonly used for the Herpes virus culture? a. Blood sample collection b. Sputum sample collectio...

                                     Multiple Choice Questions on Lipid Digestion and Absorption 1) Where does the emulsification of lipids primarily occur in the digestive system? a) Gallbladder b) Liver c) Small intestine d) Stomach 2) What is the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and mono-acylglycerol in the intestine? a) Pancreatic lipase b) Lipoprotein lipase c) Hormone-sensitive lipase d) Phospholipase 3) What is the function of bile salt in lipid digestion and absorption? a) Activator of lipase b) Emulsifier c) Co-factor for cholesteryl esterase d) Inhibitor of lipid absorption 4) What is the precursor for bile salt synthesis? a) Fatty acid b) Glucose c) Cholesterol d) Glycerol 5) The anti-obesity drug Orlistat inhibits a) Pancreatic lipase b) Lipoprotein lipase c) Hormone-sensitive lipase d) Phospholipase 6) Which of the following class ...

          MCQs on Helminths/Parasitic worms(Tapeworms, Roundworms, and Flukes) 1. A 40 year old male elementary school teacher residing in a rural area comes to a local clinic complaining of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fatigue. He reports experiencing these symptoms for the past two weeks. He mentions that the abdominal pain is intermittent and is often accompanied by cramps. He also has noticed the presence of blood in his stool and occasional weight loss. The man has no significant medical history or known allergies. He is not taking any medications, and has not recently traveled to other regions. During the physical examination, the healthcare provider notes tenderness in lower abdomen of the patient and conducts a digital rectal examination, which reveals the presence of blood-tinged stool. Vital signs, including temperature, pulse, and blood pressure, are within normal limits. Based on the symptoms, the healthcare provider orders several diagnostic tests ...

                                MCQs on Intestinal parasites/protozoa                                                     Figure:   Giardia duodenalis/Giardia intestinalis cytology Amoebae (intestinal): 1. What is the primary causative agent of intestinal amoebiasis? a) Entamoeba coli      b) Entamoeba histolytica    c)  Giardia  duodenalis     d) Trichomonas vaginalis 2. How is amebiasis most commonly transmitted to humans? a) Ingestion of food or water contaminated    b) Inhalation of aerosolized cysts c) Mosquito bites    d) Person-to-person contact 3. What are the typical symptoms of amebiasis? a) Abdominal cramps and vomitting b) Cough and chest pain  c) Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloody stools...

                               MCQ on Malaria Parasites, Plasmodium spp                                     Figure: Plasmodium spp (in peripheral blood) 1. Malaria is widespread in numerous countries and is known to be a major cause of death due to parasitic infections, claiming millions of lives worldwide, with the highest mortality rates observed in Africa.  Which age group of people are more vulnerable to malaria?  a) 10 - 15 years of age b) > 5 years of age    c) < 40 years of age d) 10- 25 years of age 2. Which of the following Plasmodium  spp is the most virulent and also a leading cause of human fatalities from malaria  worldwide each year? a)  Plasmodium knowlesi b)  Plasmodium malariae c)  Plasmodium falciparum   d)  Plasmodium vivax  3...