BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACEUTICS

                   MCQs on Hospital Acquired Infections, names and examples of HAI 1) What are the most common types of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)/Nosocomial infections? Select all the correct answers a)Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) b)Surgical sites infections (SSIs) c)Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) d)Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) 2) A premature baby boy, just a few hours old, was admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) due to low birth weight and challenges with breastfeeding. By the third day, the baby started running a fever and displayed respiratory distress, in addition to struggling with feeding and being irritable. Concurrently, other infants in the NICU were also suspected of pneumonia. Identify the predominant gram-negative bacteria typically found in cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia among neonates. a) Streptococcus pneumonia b) Klebsiella pn...

                                       MCQs on Bloodstream pathogen 1. Which of the following bacterial pathogen is often associated with healthcare-associated bloodstream infections and is notorious for its antibiotic resistance? a) Enterococcus faecalis b) Pseudomonas aeruginosa     c)  Streptococcus pneumoniae   d) Salmonella enterica 2. Which of the following bacterial pathogen can cause severe bloodstream infections in pregnant women, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, often associated with consumption of contaminated food? a)  Enterococcus faecalis b)   Escherichia coli c)  Salmonella enterica    d)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 3. In septicemia, what occurs due to a dysregulated response to infection? a) Bacterial colonization b) Localized infection c) Mild fever d) Organ dysfunction    4. What is the most c...

Thyroid Hormone Synthesis, Disorder, and Function Test- Multiple Choice Questions                                 1) Which of the following amino acid is the precursor for the synthesis of thyroid hormones? a) Tryptophan b) Tyrosine c) Alanine d) Proline 2) Which of the following form is the active form of thyroid hormone? a) T3 b) T4 c) rT3 d) None of the above 3) Which of the following proteins is the precursor for the thyroid hormone, and also a marker of thyroidal cancer? a) Thyroid albumin b) Thyroglobulin c) Thyroid binding globulin d) All of the above 4) The majority of the thyroid hormones in the blood are bound to proteins.   Which of the following are not the thyroid hormone-binding proteins in the plasma ? a) Albumin b) Thyroglobulin c) Thyroid binding globulin d) None of the above 5) Which of the following is the transporter responsible for the transport of iodine i...

                        MCQs on Iron, Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Metabolism A) Iron Metabolism: 1) The majority of iron in the body is present in .................................. a) Iron bound to transferrin b) Iron stored in the liver c) Myoglobin d) Red blood cell hemoglobin 2) The primary function of transferrin (glycoprotein) in the blood is to bind to and transport iron from areas of the body where it is absorbed to sites where it is needed. Which of the following statement is true regarding transferrin receptor? a) The clearance of iron-bound transferrin is affected by circulatory iron b) Transferrin can occur in monoferric or diferric form c) The transferring binds to the transferrin receptor and endocytosed to release iron d) All of the above 3) The intracellular iron is rapidly sequestered (stored) by ..............................  a) Transferrin b) Ferrochelatase  c) Ferritin d) Albumin 4) Approximately 1...

                                 MCQs on Bacillus spp ( Bacillus anthracis )                                                    Figure: B. anthracis culture gram stain 1. What is the Gram stain appearance of Bacillus anthracis? a) Acid-fast b) Gram-positive     c) Gram-negative d) Gram-variable 2. What is a key distinctive feature of B. anthracis that allows it to survive adverse environmental conditions? a) Capsule formation b) Hemolysis c) Motility     d) Oxygen requirement 3. Which structure in B. anthracis plays a crucial role in evading the host immune system and is a virulence factor? a) Capsule    b) Cell wall c) Endospores d) Flagella 4. .................................... laid the foundation for establishing a causative rel...

                                                                                           Multiple Choice Questions on Bacterial genetics                                  Source: Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbilogy 1) Select all of the correct statements about DNA molecule a. It carries genetic information b. It consists of double-helical nucleotides c. Exists as double-stranded DNA in all bacteria and viruses d. Composed of four nitrogen-containing bases 2) All of the following are the major types of RNA that are classified based on their structure and functions, Except a. messenger RNA b. transfer RNA c. ribosomal RNA d. complementary RNA 3) Identify the correct sta...

        MCQs on Bordetella spp, isolation and identification, diagnosis and treatment                                       Figure: Bordetella pertussis colonies 1. A six months old child is brought to the emergency department by her parents. She has been experiencing a severe cough for the past two weeks, which has worsened recently. Her parents are concerned about her difficulty breathing and episodes of coughing fits. The child appears to be in moderate distress. She has been experiencing paroxysms of coughing, followed by a "whooping" sound as she tries to inhale. During coughing fits, she becomes cyanotic (turns blue) due to the struggle for breath. Her parents report that she hasn't had her routine vaccinations, including the DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) vaccine. Upon examination, the child has mild fever (101°F) and mild tachypnea (increased respiratory ra...