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Multiple choice questions and answers on Fatty acid synthesis: Biochemistry

                          Multiple choice questions on Fatty acid synthesis



1. In what compartment does the de novo fatty acid synthesis occurs?
a) Endoplasmic reticulum
b) Cytosol
c) Mitochondria
d) Perioxosome

2. Which of the following molecules serves as the precursor for fatty acid synthesis?
a) Acetyl-CoA
b) Glucose
c) Malonyl-CoA
d) Pyruvate

3. The enzyme responsible for the commitment step in fatty acid synthesis is:
a) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)
b) Fatty acid synthase (FAS)
c) Hormone-sensitive lipase
d) Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase

4. During fatty acid synthesis, malonyl-CoA is added to the growing fatty acid chain by the enzyme:
a) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)
b) Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
c) Fatty acid synthase (FAS)
d) Lipoprotein lipase

5. What is the reducing agent used in the fatty acid synthesis pathway?
a) FAD+
b) FADH2
c) NAD+
d) NADH

6. Which hormone promotes the activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, thereby enhancing fatty acid synthesis? 
a) Glucagon
b) Epinephrine  
c) Insulin 
d) Cortisol

7. The end product of a complete fatty acid synthesis cycle is: 
a) Acetyl-CoA
b) Lactic acid 
c) Malonyl-CoA
d) Palmitic acid (16-carbon fatty acid) 

Answers:
1. b) Cytosol, Fatty acid biosynthesis takes place in the cytosol
2. a) Acetyl-CoA
3. a) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)
4. c) Fatty acid synthase (FAS)
5. d) NADH
6. c) Insulin
7. d) Palmitic acid (16-carbon fatty acid) 

Explanation:
Intermediates covalently linked to an acyl carrier protein. The acetyl CoA is activated to malonyl CoA.
The four steps repeating cycle are condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction. One cycle leads to extension by 2-carbons

Comparison of Fatty acid synthesis and oxidation

Characteristics
Synthesis
Degradation
Location
Cytosol
Mitochondrial Matrix
Activated Intermediates
Bound to ACP
Thioester of CoA
Enzymes
FAS is a multienzyme complex
4 distinct enzymes
Substrate
Acetyl CoA
Fatty Acids
Direction
Starts at methyl end
Starts at the carboxyl end
Cofactors
NADPH
FADH/NADH
Major sites
Liver
Muscle and Liver
Hormonal Regulation
High Insulin/Glucagon ratio
Low Insulin/Glucagon ratio
Activator
Citrate
Free fatty acids
Inhibitor
Fatty acyl CoA
Malonyl CoA





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