MCQs and answers on Spirochetes- Treponema spp, Borrelia spp, Leptospira spp (Gram negative, helical shape) Medical microbiology

                                                  MCQs and answers on Spirochetes

1) Which of the following is not the common morphological characteristics of spirochetes?
a) They are gram-negative helical bacteria
b) They are motile and have periplasmic flagella (endo flagella)
c) They reproduce by transverse binary fusion
d) They are obligate aerobes

2) Which of the following subspecies of Treponema pallidum causes endemic syphilis?
a) Treponema carateum
b) Treponema endemicum
c) Treponema pertenue
d) None of the above

3) The RPR test (Rapid Plasma Reagin test) is a nontreponemal test method that is a common screening test for syphilis, which of the following statement correctly describes the test?
a) A screening test used for the detection of syphilis antibodies in the urine
b) A screening test used for the detection of syphilis antibodies in the blood
c) The test results for RPR are identified by using the microscope
d) All of the above

4) A 30 year old man infected with syphilis developed a skin lesion on his prepuce, the lesion was oval in shape and painless. 
What is the specific name for this type of lesion?
a) Nodules
b) Papule
c) Eczema
d) Hard chancre

5) Epidemic Relapsing fever in humans is caused by the infected body louse that acts as a vector and transfers the pathogen to humans.
Which of the following is the most likely spirochete?
a) Borrelia recurrentis
b) Leptospira interrogans
c) Borrelia burgdorferi
d) Borrelia hermsii

6) The following pathogen is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks, flu like symptoms and ringlike skin rashes occur which is also known as Lyme disease
Name the most likely pathogen
a) Leptospira interrogans
b) Bordetella pertusis
c) Borrelia burgdorferi
d) Enterococcus faecalis

7) Which of the following statements is most correct about the dark field microscopy for the diagnosis of spirochetes?
a)Performed for the identification and detection of spirochetes from the specimen collected from the oral cavity
b) The specimen is stained and detected under the compound microscope
c) The color of the spirochetes appears grey when observed under the dark background
d) Performed for the observation and detection of thin spirochetes suspended in a liquid

8) Which of the following organisms is NOT commonly found as a part of normal flora in the oral cavity?
a) Streptococcus mutans
b) Borrelia buccalis
c) Spirillum minor
d) Candida albicans

9) What stain is mostly used for the detection of Borrelia spp that causes Relapsing fever?
a) Gram stain
b) Ziehl-Neelsen stain
c) Giemsa stain
d) Methylene blue

10) The bacteria causing Leptospirosis are difficult to isolate from urine, blood, or CSF specimens by culture method, therefore a confirmation test should be performed. 
Which of the following statement is most correct in the diagnosis of the disease?
a) RPR tests for the detection of serogroup antigens from the acute or convalescent phase
b) Antibodies are tested against the serogroup antigens from the acute or convalescent phase
c) Darkfield microscopy method is done to detect the pathogen from serum samples
d) All of the above

11) The diagnosis of Lyme disease is done by performing two serological tests after the screening test, one is a positive confirmatory ELISA test, what is the other test?
a) Western blotting assay
b) PCR
c) Immunofluorescent assay
d) Southern blotting assay

12) The following spirochetes causes skin disease known as Pinta prevalent in Latin America and primarily seen in individuals who have dark skin color, the human transmission is by direct contact or vectors such as flies.
Name the possible pathogen?
a) Borrelia hermsii
b) Spirillum minor
c) Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue
d) Treponema carateum

13) Which of the following pathogen causes sexually transmitted diseases?
a) Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum
b) Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum
c) Borrelia recurrentis
d) Borrelia hermsii

14) Which of the following statements is not correct about 'congenital syphilis'?
a) The spirochetes are transferred from mother to fetus across the placenta
b) The early manifestations occur in children during the birth
c) Five to ten percent of infected children can develop cutaneous lesions
d) The infection can lead to stillbirth

15) What is the most likely pathogen related to rat-bite fever?
a) Leptospira interrogans
b) Borrelia hermsii
c) Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum
d) Spirillum minor

16) Which of the following infections are transmitted through the non-sexual route caused by the Treponema spp?
a) Yaws, Bejel and Pinta
b) Visceral leishmaniasis
c) Shingles
d) Donovanosis

17) 'Syphilis' is caused by Treponema spp.
What is the other major disease that is caused by the bacteria?
a) Lyme disease
b) Tularemia
c) Periodontal disease
d) Infectious mononucleosis

18) Which of the following test is a simple, low-cost, and commonly used test for screening syphilis infection around the world?
a) Western blot
b) VDRL test
c) Agglutination test
d)None of the above

19)Penicillin is the drug of choice for the treatment of syphilis, but in recent years it has been found to be highly resistant.
Which of the following types of antibiotic is recommended for early as well as late-stage syphilis that show resistance to Penicillin?
a) Macrolides
b) Ceftriaxone
c) Tetracyclines
d) Fluoroquinolones

20)Endemic syphilis is mainly transmitted through nonsexual contact and has been found to be prevalent in which of the following country?
a) USA
b) Europe
c) Spain
d) South Africa


Multiple Choice Answers:
1-d) They are obligate aerobes
2-b) Treponema endemicum
3-b) A screening test used for the detection of syphilis antibodies in the blood
4-d) Hard chancre
5-a) Borrelia recurrentis
6-c) Borrelia burgdorferi
7-d) Used for the observation and detection of thin spirochetes suspended in a liquid
8-c) Spirillum minor
9-c) Giemsa stain
10)- b) Antibodies are tested against the serogroup antigens from the acute or convalescent phase
11-a) Western blotting assay
12-d) Treponema carateum
13-b) Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum
14-c) Five to ten percent of children develop cutaneous lesions
15-d) Spirillum minor
16-a) Yaws, bejel, and pinta
17-c) Periodontal disease
18-b) VDRL test ( venereal disease research laboratory)
19-a) Macrolides
20-d) South Africa


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