BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACEUTICS

Multiple Choice Question on B cell Proliferation and Maturation (Immunology) 1) The lymphoid stem cells commit to B cell lineage and differentiate into pro-B cells in the bone marrow.  Which of the cell surface marker is expressed in pro-B cells? a) CD25 b) CD25R c) CD45 d) CD45R 2) Stromal cells present in the bone marrow are required for the proliferation and survival of B cells. Which of the following is the function of stromal cells? a) They interact with pro B cells via VCAM-1 ligand on the stromal cells. b) Stromal cells secrete IL-7 that induces the pro-B cell to mature into pre-B cells. c) Both of the above d) None of the above 3) During the B cell maturation, which of the following stage expresses a surrogate light chain complexed with the heavy chain? a) Pro-B cell b) Pre-B cell c) Immature B cell d) Mature B cell 4) Which of the following cell surface marker is not expressed throughout the B cell maturation process from Pro B cell to Mat...

Multiple Choice Question on Cytokines, Interferon & Interleukins 1) Cytokines regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response by activating or downregulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.  The mode of action of the cytokine is the following, Except ? a) Autocrine b) Paracrine c) Endocrine d) Cell-autonomous 2) The characteristic properties of cytokines are : a) pleiotropy and redundancy b) synergy and antagonism c) cascade induction and amplification d) All of the above 3) Which of the following class of cytokine receptors utilize G-protein coupled receptors for its downstream function? a) Chemokines receptor b) Hematopoietic receptor c) Interferon receptor d) None of the above 4) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an endogenous pyrogen that induces fever.  Which of the following statement is true regarding TNF, Except? a) TNF induces IL-1 production for induction of fever b) TNF induces the synthesis of prostaglan...

Multiple Choice Questions  on Host Defense Mechanism (Immunology) 1) Based on the principles of the ............................................. theory, each individual lymphocyte possesses a distinct membrane receptor tailored to a specific antigen. When the antigen binds to its corresponding receptor, it triggers an immune response targeted specifically against that particular antigen. a) Clonal selection theory b) Instructional theory c) Selective theory d) Germ theory 2) Immunity is the defense mechanism of the body that protects against foreign pathogens. The immunity can be classified into innate immunity and acquired immunity.  Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning innate immunity? a) It exhibits a broad specificity against foreign antigens. b) It is present before exposure to antigens. c) It has memory cells. d) None of the above. 3) Which type of immunity develops after exposure to specific antigens? a) Acquired immunity  ...

                  Multiple Choice Questions on  Immune Tolerance & Autoimmunity 1) Which of the following options is the mechanism for induction of immune tolerance? a) Central Anergy b) Peripheral Anergy c) Clonal Anergy d) All of the above 2) The central tolerance occurs in the thymus and bone marrow.  Which of the following statements is true regarding central tolerance ? a) The positive selection occurs in the cortex before maturing and entering the circulation. b) The negative selection occurs in the medulla. c) The negative selection removes cells that have high affinities for self-antigen d) All of the above 3) After exiting the thymus, mature T cells are subjected to the secondary selection where most self-reactive T cells are deleted or rendered anergic. The process is known as ............................................? a) Central Anergy b) Peripheral Anergy c) Clonal Anergy d) All of the a...

40 plus questions - Multiple Choice Questions on Classification, Culture, and Identification of the microorganisms 1. Which of the following microorganism has the cocci cell shapes and sizes arranged usually in tetrad structures? a)  Streptococcus pneumoniae b)  Staphylococcus aureus c)  Chlamydia trachomatis d)  Neisseria meningitidis 2. What are the different growth morphology and cell structures used for the classification of fungi? Select all the correct answers: a) Yeast b) Mold c) Mycelia d) Protozoa 3. Which of the following media is formulated with additional nutrients to support the growth of fastidious or nutritionally demanding bacteria that may not grow well on basic media? a) Differential media b) Enriched media c) Nutrient agar (media) d) Selective media 4. Which of the following metabolic characteristic is a distinguishing characteristic and identification of colonies of  E. coli ? a) Hydrogen sulfide formation b) Indole Formation c) Lactose fe...